As the main representative of the semiconductor industry, the semiconductor chip industry is the foundation of the entire electronic information technology industry.
According to Moore's Law, when the price is constant, the number of components that can be accommodated on a semiconductor chip doubles about every 18-24 months, and the performance will also double.
Since Gordon Moore proposed this law for more than half a century, the development of the semiconductor industry has basically conformed to this law, thanks to the continuous breakthrough of semiconductor characteristic linewidth (referred to as linewidth) to a smaller level.
What is a chip?
Chips, also known as microcircuits, microchips, integrated circuits (IC), refer to silicon wafers containing integrated circuits, which are very small in size and often part of computers or other electronic devices. Chip is the general term of semiconductor component products, is the carrier of integrated circuits, divided by wafers. A silicon wafer is a very small piece of silicon that contains an integrated circuit that is part of a computer or other electronic device.
What is a semiconductor?
Semiconductor (semiconductor) refers to a material whose conductivity is between conductor and insulator at room temperature. For example, diodes are devices made of semiconductors. A semiconductor is a material whose conductivity can be controlled, from insulator to conductor. Whether from the perspective of technology or economic development, the importance of semiconductors is very large. The core units of most of today's electronic products, such as computers, mobile phones or digital tape recorders, are closely related to semiconductors. Common semiconductor materials include silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, etc., and silicon is the most influential one in commercial applications among various semiconductor materials.
There are various forms of matter, solid, liquid, gas plasma, etc. We usually call materials with poor conductivity, such as coal, intraocular lenses, amber, ceramics, etc., insulators. Metals with better conductivity such as gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, aluminum, etc. are called conductors. The material between a conductor and an insulator can simply be called a semiconductor.
An integrated circuit is a miniature electronic device or component. Using a certain process, the required transistors, resistors, capacitors and inductors in a circuit and wiring are interconnected together, made on a small or several small semiconductor wafers or dielectric substrates, and then packaged in a tube shell to become a miniature structure with the required circuit functions; All the components have been structurally integrated into a whole, making electronic components a big step towards miniaturization, low power consumption, intelligence and high reliability. It is represented in the circuit by the letter "IC". The inventors of integrated circuits are Jack Kilby (germanium (Ge)-based integrated circuits) and Robert Nois (silicon-based (Si)-based integrated circuits). Most applications in today's semiconductor industry are silicon-based integrated circuits. Integrated circuit is a new type of semiconductor device developed in the late 50s and 60s of the 20th century. It is through oxidation, lithography, diffusion, epitaxy, aluminum steaming and other semiconductor manufacturing processes, the semiconductors, resistors, capacitors and other components required to form a circuit with a certain function and the connection wires between them are all integrated on a small piece of silicon chip, and then soldered to electronic devices packaged in a tube shell. The package housing is available in round-shell, flat or dual in-line housings.
Integrated circuit technology includes chip manufacturing technology and design technology, which is mainly reflected in processing equipment, processing technology, packaging and testing, mass production and design innovation capabilities.
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